Werken in de marge

A large number of former unaccompanied minors in the Netherlands leave for unknown destinations during the asylum procedure or after being rejected. In this contribution the authors provide answers to the question how undocumented (former) unaccompanied minors provide for their iving and housing. The study is based on interviews with 118 former undocumented unaccompanied minors who were recruited through the personal networks of the researchers and through contacts with representatives of (private) organizations who support the youngsters. The undocumented minors are excluded from formal employment as well as provisions of the welfare state. By far the largest group of the undocumented (former) unaccompanied minors has never been involved in criminal activities and only one third of them work in the informal economy. The sectors in which these youngsters perform informal work vary from cleaning and construction to catering and personal services. The work is characterized by uncertain working hours. There are often few hours available and the work often takes place on call. The pay is meagre and few respondents can survive exclusively on their earnings. The undocumented (former) unaccompanied minors are mainly supported by friends and private organizations for their living and housing. It is because of this support that the youngsters do not roam the streets and can continue their illegal stay in the Netherlands. The strong orientation of the youngsters towards a lawful residence in the Netherlands causes them to fear the risks of arrest while working, so they rather settle for the limited support of private organizations and friends. The support of private organizations and the focus of the youngsters towards a lawful stay thus constitute a buffer against exploitation

Strong spectral evolution during the prompt emission of GRB 070616

Swift has revealed features in GRB early light curves, such as steep decays and X-ray flares, whose properties are consistent with an internal origin though they are far from understood. The steep X-ray decay is often explained using the curvature effect; however a significant number of GRBs display strong spectral evolution during this phase, and a new mechanism must be invoked to explain this. Of particular interest are the longest duration GRBs in which the early emission can be studied in most detail. Here we present data for GRB 070616, in which the prompt emission shows a complex multipeaked structure, leading to one of the longest prompt emission durations ever recorded. We take advantage of extensive coverage of such a long burst by all Swift instruments. Combining data from Swift and Suzaku we study the evolution of the prompt emission spectrum, following the temporal variability of the peak energy and spectral slope.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures (Fig 1 in colour), contributed talk, submitted to the proceedings of Gamma Ray Bursts 2007, Santa Fe, New Mexico, November 5-9 200

APPROACHES OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AUDIT IN ANNUAL REPORTS

Accountants and auditors have traditionally not been associated with theconservation or environmental movement. However, as providers of information,reports, and assurance on which business and government decision are frequentlybased, they have increasingly been drawn into the environmental arena. The influenceof accountants and auditors comes from their access to financial and performanceinformation. They analyze report and communicate information on which decisionsare based and performance is evaluated. They can encourage greater transparencyand informed decision about the application of resources and the impact of activitieson environmental outcomes without distorting existing accounting standard. Thus, inorder to ensure the provision of accurate information by annual reports, it isnecessary to involve the environmental audit. In this article, we approached thecarrying out of environmental audit, mainly underlining its necessity and importance.environmental auditing, annual report, environmental information, environmentalaccounting

A Gymnasion at Segesta? A Review of the Archaeological and Epigraphic Evidence

Obwohl zahlreiche Inschriften aus Sizilien Gymnasia und ihre Ämter erwähnen, ist die Kenntnis der zugehörigen Architektur spärlich, weil die Identifizierung von Gymnasia oft umstritten ist. Das betrifft exemplarisch die hellenistische Stadt Segesta, in der Ausgrabungen der Scuola Normale Superiore Inschriften mit Bezug zu einem Gymnasion und einen Peristylbau freigelegt haben, der als Teil eines Gymnasions identifiziert worden ist. Dieser Beitrag untersucht kritisch die entsprechenden epigraphischen und archäologischen Quellen und diskutiert, was sie aussagen und ob sie begründet verbunden werden können. Er zeigt, dass nur eine Inschrift die Existenz der Gymnasiarchie in Segesta belegt und der Peristylbau eher zu einem einheitlich geplanten Komplex politisch-administrativer Bauten gehörte

The BATSE experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory: Status and some early results

The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) is a sensitive all-sky detector system. It consists of eight uncollimated detectors at the corners of the spacecraft which have a total energy range of 15 keV to 100 MeV. The primary objective of BATSE is the detection, location, and study of gamma ray bursts and other transient sources. The instrement also has considerable capability for the study of pulsars, solar flares, and other discrete high energy sources. The experiment is now in full operation, detecting about one gamma ray burst per day. A brief description of the on-orbit performance of BATSE is presented, along with examples of early results from some of the gamma ray bursts